Full-Utilization Learning Lean

Abstract

This paper reviews trends in component-manufacturing employment, wages, and productivity in union and nonunion shops and shows why a sharp increase in productivity growth, especially in union shops, is necessary if a large number of high-wage jobs are to be preserved. It also explains international and local unions' varied strategies that attempt to preserve jobs and/or raise productivity. Drawing on case study research on production processes in component manufacturing, the paper then argues for a model of industrial production, "full-utilization learning lean," that has the potential to raise productivity and preserve a large number of high-wage manufacturing jobs. This model combines lean production, continuous learning and substantive participation by production workers, and high levels of capacity utilization. The paper suggests public policies and union strategies that can spread this model.